Which of the following is commonly excluded in many health insurance policies?

Elective or cosmetic surgery is commonly excluded in many health insurance policies because these procedures are often viewed as non-essential. Health insurance is designed to cover necessary medical treatments that are essential for the health and well-being of an individual. Elective surgeries, which are not performed to address a medical necessity, such as enhancing appearance or correcting non-life-threatening conditions, fall outside this scope.

In contrast, emergency medical procedures and preventive care are typically covered because they are essential for maintaining health and preventing serious illnesses. Routine check-ups are also often included to promote early detection and treatment of health issues. Therefore, limiting coverage for elective or cosmetic surgery aligns with the primary goal of health insurance: to provide financial protection against unforeseen medical expenses that significantly impact a person's health.